Exam
Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 

1) 

Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition? 

1) 

_______ 

A) 

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body. 

B) 

Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, absorb, and store food. 

C) 

Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns. 

D) 

Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century. 

2) 

Which of the following chronic diseases is NOT strongly associated with dietary choices? 

2) 

_______ 

A) 

type 2 diabetes 

B) 

Alzheimer's disease 

C) 

heart disease 

D) 

obesity 

3) 

How many classes of nutrients are there? 

3) 

_______ 

A) 

three 

B) 

six 

C) 

eight 

D) 

four 

4) 

Which of the following nutrients are inorganic? 

4) 

_______ 

A) 

carbohydrates 

B) 

vitamins 

C) 

minerals 

D) 

fats 

5) 

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain? 

5) 

_______ 

A) 

proteins 

B) 

carbohydrates 

C) 

fats 

D) 

vitamins 

6) 

Of the following nutrients, which contains nitrogen? 

6) 

_______ 

A) 

lipids 

B) 

carbohydrates 

C) 

water 

D) 

proteins 

7) 

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient? 

7) 

_______ 

A) 

calcium (mineral) 

B) 

stearic acid (fat) 

C) 

vitamin A (vitamin) 

D) 

dietary fiber (carbohydrate) 

8) 

Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast? 

8) 

_______ 

A) 

152 kilocalories 

B) 

1,007 kilocalories 

C) 

582 kilocalories 

D) 

123 kilocalories 

9) 

For dinner, Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat. In addition, Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal. If she drinks one glass of wine containing 10 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal? 

9) 

_______ 

A) 

1,806 kilocalories 

B) 

340 kilocalories 

C) 

1,540 kilocalories 

D) 

2,820 kilocalories 

10) 

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods? 

10) 

______ 

A) 

butter and corn oil 

B) 

beef and pork 

C) 

bacon and eggs 

D) 

wheat and lentils 

11) 

Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients? 

11) 

______ 

A) 

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) 

B) 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) 

C) 

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 

D) 

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 

12) 

Which of the following nutrients is organic? 

12) 

______ 

A) 

protein 

B) 

water 

C) 

sodium 

D) 

iron 

13) 

Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement before undergoing oral surgery. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist Lauren in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume? 

13) 

______ 

A) 

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) 

B) 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) 

C) 

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 

D) 

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 

14) 

Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense? 

14) 

______ 

A) 

carbohydrate 

B) 

protein 

C) 

fat 

D) 

vitamins 

15) 

Which of the following BEST describes minerals? 

15) 

______ 

A) 

nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the body 

B) 

micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion 

C) 

inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods 

D) 

micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light 

16) 

An important source of energy for muscles during times of rest and low-intensity exercise is 

16) 

______ 

A) 

water. 

B) 

fat. 

C) 

protein. 

D) 

vitamins. 

17) 

The building blocks of proteins are called 

17) 

______ 

A) 

fatty acids. 

B) 

nitrogen fragments. 

C) 

amino acids. 

D) 

saccharides. 

18) 

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein? 

18) 

______ 

A) 

regulating metabolism and fluid balance 

B) 

repairing damaged structures 

C) 

building new cells and tissues 

D) 

serving as a primary source of energy for the body 

19) 

Proteins are NOT found in 

19) 

______ 

A) 

dairy products. 

B) 

water. 

C) 

seeds, nuts, and legumes. 

D) 

meats, fish, and poultry. 

20) 

What are the two groups that vitamins are classified into? 

20) 

______ 

A) 

macrosoluble and microsoluble 

B) 

trace and major 

C) 

fat-soluble and water-soluble 

D) 

nonnutritive and nutritive 

21) 

Vitamin C and the B vitamins are termed 

21) 

______ 

A) 

nonessential vitamins. 

B) 

trace vitamins. 

C) 

water-soluble vitamins. 

D) 

fat-soluble vitamins. 

22) 

Which of the following is FALSE? 

22) 

______ 

A) 

Fats yield more Calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein. 

B) 

Fats are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 

C) 

Fats are soluble in water. 

D) 

Fats are an important energy source for our bodies at rest and during low-intensity exercise. 

23) 

Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K? 

23) 

______ 

A) 

soluble in water 

B) 

not stored to any extent in the body 

C) 

potentially toxic 

D) 

excreted via the urine 

24) 

Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light are called 

24) 

______ 

A) 

minerals. 

B) 

fats. 

C) 

proteins. 

D) 

vitamins. 

25) 

Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity? 

25) 

______ 

A) 

thiamin 

B) 

niacin 

C) 

vitamin C 

D) 

vitamin D 

26) 

What is the standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals? 

26) 

______ 

A) 

Adequate Intake (AI) 

B) 

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 

C) 

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 

D) 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI) 

27) 

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body? 

27) 

______ 

A) 

helps to excrete waste products 

B) 

provides a source of energy to work and play 

C) 

helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction 

D) 

helps to transport nutrients and oxygen 

28) 

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of your daily Calories should be provided by carbohydrates? 

28) 

______ 

A) 

75% 

B) 

70% 

C) 

35% 

D) 

65% 

29) 

The highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the 

29) 

______ 

A) 

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). 

B) 

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). 

C) 

Adequate Intake (AI). 

D) 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). 

30) 

What is the leading federal agency in the United States that protects human health and safety? 

30) 

______ 

A) 

American Dietetic Association (ADA) 

B) 

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

C) 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 

D) 

National Institutes of Health (NIH) 

31) 

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet? 

31) 

______ 

A) 

PhD in exercise science 

B) 

registered dietitian (RD) 

C) 

medical doctor (MD) 

D) 

nutritionist 

32) 

The BRFSS is the government 

32) 

______ 

A) 

agency that conducts medical research in the United States. 

B) 

survey that tracks lifestyle habits that increase risks for developing chronic diseases. 

C) 

survey that tracks nutrition education programs in the United States. 

D) 

agency that protects the health and safety of the American people. 

33) 

Which of the following professional titles has NO definition or laws regulating it? 

33) 

______ 

A) 

medical doctor 

B) 

nutritionist 

C) 

licensed nutritionist 

D) 

registered dietitian 

34) 

The type of study that compares a group of individuals with a disease to another similar but healthy group is called a(n) 

34) 

______ 

A) 

case control study. 

B) 

double-blind study. 

C) 

intervention study. 

D) 

clinical trial. 

35) 

What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called? 

35) 

______ 

A) 

the control group 

B) 

the blind group 

C) 

the experimental group 

D) 

the double-blind group 

36) 

Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the student names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants knows who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as 

36) 

______ 

A) 

single-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled. 

B) 

single-blind, random selection. 

C) 

double-blind, placebo-controlled. 

D) 

double-blind, random selection, placebo-controlled. 

37) 

What is the first step of the scientific method? 

37) 

______ 

A) 

Formulate a hypothesis. 

B) 

Design and conduct an experiment. 

C) 

Observe a phenomenon. 

D) 

Collect and analyze data. 

38) 

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collects dietary information of Americans by using a 

38) 

______ 

A) 

personal interview and physical examination. 

B) 

written survey that collects information using a food likes and dislikes questionnaire. 

C) 

telephone survey that collects information using a food frequency questionnaire. 

D) 

website where individuals can self-report their dietary intake online. 

39) 

The chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function are called 

39) 

______ 

A) 

bacteria. 

B) 

carcinogens. 

C) 

antibodies. 

D) 

nutrients. 

40) 

What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown without the use of synthetic pesticides? 

40) 

______ 

A) 

inorganic 

B) 

organic 

C) 

vegetarian 

D) 

genetically modified organism (GMO) 

41) 

The primary source of fuel for the body is 

41) 

______ 

A) 

carbohydrates. 

B) 

vitamins and minerals. 

C) 

proteins. 

D) 

fats and oils. 

42) 

Amino acids are the smallest unit of a 

42) 

______ 

A) 

carbohydrate. 

B) 

protein. 

C) 

vitamin. 

D) 

lipid. 

43) 

In the United States and Canada, what set of standards defines the recommended intake values for various nutrients for healthy people? 

43) 

______ 

A) 

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 

B) 

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) 

C) 

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) 

D) 

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) 

44) 

What is the term for an imitation treatment that has no known physical effect or therapeutic value on the subjects in a research study? 

44) 

______ 

A) 

theory 

B) 

double-blind trial 

C) 

placebo 

D) 

single-blind trial 

45) 

What is another name for a study of a particular disease in a large population? 

45) 

______ 

A) 

an observational study 

B) 

a model study 

C) 

a double-blind study 

D) 

a single-blind study 

46) 

A hypothesis or group of related hypotheses that have been confirmed through repeated scientific experiments is known as a(n) 

46) 

______ 

A) 

theory. 

B) 

fact. 

C) 

phenomenon. 

D) 

experiment. 

47) 

What trend has been shown in research studies funded by pharmaceutical companies? 

47) 

______ 

A) 

bias towards showing ineffectiveness of competing products 

B) 

research journals rejecting publication of such studies 

C) 

bias towards reporting positive results of drug being studied 

D) 

over-reporting of a drug's side effects 

48) 

Which of the following indicates that a nutrition website may not be a reliable source of information? 

48) 

______ 

A) 

recently updated website 

B) 

website address with a ".com" ending 

C) 

list of registered dietitians who contribute to the website 

D) 

website address with a ".gov" ending 

49) 

The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and other similar professional nutrition organizations 

49) 

______ 

A) 

lobby the government on behalf of pharmaceutical companies. 

B) 

sponsor the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 

C) 

set the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). 

D) 

publish reliable nutrition research studies. 

50) 

One of the earliest developments in the field of nutrition linking nutritional deficiency to illness was the discovery that eating citrus fruits prevents 

50) 

______ 

A) 

pellagra. 

B) 

scurvy. 

C) 

strokes. 

D) 

cancer. 

51) 

Which of the following is the primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates? 

51) 

______ 

A) 

Alzheimer's disease 

B) 

iron-deficiency anemia 

C) 

obesity 

D) 

cancer 

52) 

A research study funded by a company that stands to benefit from a positive assessment is an example of a 

52) 

______ 

A) 

single blind. 

B) 

placebo effect. 

C) 

conflict of interest. 

D) 

double blind. 

53) 

A blogger has written a post about the benefits of an artificial sweetener for weight loss. Which of the following would be the best evidence to support these claims? 

53) 

______ 

A) 

conclusions from a research study funded by the manufacturer of the sweetener 

B) 

research published in a peer-reviewed journal 

C) 

testimonials from people who have used the sweetener 

D) 

conclusions from one scientific study 

54) 

Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency? 

54) 

______ 

A) 

heart disease 

B) 

pellagra 

C) 

type 2 diabetes 

D) 

cancer 

55) 

Prevalent among U.S. Southerners during the early 1900s, pellagra was first thought to be an infectious disease. Today we know that it is caused by a deficiency of 

55) 

______ 

A) 

niacin. 

B) 

protein. 

C) 

vitamin C. 

D) 

vitamin A. 

56) 

Joan's dinner contains 210 grams of carbohydrate, 60 grams of protein, and 52 grams of fat. What percent of kilocalories in this meal comes from carbohydrate? 

56) 

______ 

A) 

35% 

B) 

54% 

C) 

22% 

D) 

25% 

57) 

A slice of pumpkin bread contains 5 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein. What percent of the bread's Calories are from fat? 

57) 

______ 

A) 

40% 

B) 

20% 

C) 

75% 

D) 

10% 

TRUE/FALSE.  Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 

58) 

The earliest discoveries in the field of nutrition focused on nutritional deficiencies and illness. 

58) 

______ 

59) 

"Wellness" is a multidimensional process that includes one's physical, emotional, social, occupational, and spiritual health. 

59) 

______ 

60) 

Cryogenics is a new area of research that seeks to uncover the links between our genes, our environment, and our diet. 

60) 

______ 

61) 

Macronutrients are nutrients that contain inorganic components. 

61) 

______ 

62) 

Vitamins provide 4 kilocalories per gram. 

62) 

______ 

63) 

Because water does not provide any Calories to the body, scientists do not consider it a nutrient. 

63) 

______ 

64) 

A beverage that contains 20 grams of alcohol mixed with a diet soda has approximately 140 kilocalories. 

64) 

______ 

65) 

The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 

65) 

______ 

66) 

Protein's primary role is to provide energy for the body. 

66) 

______ 

67) 

Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases that fall within the group of top ten causes of death in the United States. 

67) 

______ 

68) 

Minerals maintain their chemical structure and are not broken down during digestion. 

68) 

______ 

69) 

Because they are needed in relatively large quantities, vitamins and minerals are considered macronutrients. 

69) 

______ 

70) 

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are dietary standards that should be applied only to healthy individuals. 

70) 

______ 

71) 

A double-blind experiment is one in which neither the researchers nor participants know which group is assigned to which treatment. 

71) 

______ 

72) 

The term nutritionist has no precise definition or laws regulating it. 

72) 

______ 

73) 

In the second half of the twentieth century, nutrition researchers failed to find a link between nutrition and the development of chronic diseases. 

73) 

______ 

74) 

Nutrigenomics is an ancient specialty area of nutritional research. 

74) 

______ 

75) 

For an experiment to be consistent with the principles of the scientific method, it must be repeatable. 

75) 

______ 

76) 

The energy derived from food is expressed in units called kilocalories. 

76) 

______ 

77) 

A placebo is the misrepresentation of a product, program, or service for financial gain. 

77) 

______ 

78) 

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) plays a limited role in researching nutrition-related issues. 

78) 

______ 

79) 

A registered dietitian is a health professional who has earned at least a bachelor's degree, has completed supervised clinical training, and has successfully completed a national dietetics exam. 

79) 

______ 

ESSAY.  Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 

80) 

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for most nutrients consist of four separate values Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Explain what each of these values represents. 

81) 

List the primary classes of nutrients. For each class of nutrients, note whether it is organic or inorganic and how many kilocalories per gram it provides, if any. 

82) 

Nutrition professionals debate whether or not consumers should be advised to stop eating "junk food" and other "bad" foods. Summarize the arguments on both sides of the debate. 

83) 

Describe how nutrition and physical activity influence wellness. 

84) 

What are the four goals of the Healthy People Plan 2020? What specific nutrition and physical activity goals are included? 

 

1) 

D 

2) 

B 

3) 

B 

4) 

C 

5) 

B 

6) 

D 

7) 

A 

8) 

C 

9) 

C 

10) 

D 

11) 

A 

12) 

A 

13) 

B 

14) 

C 

15) 

C 

16) 

B 

17) 

C 

18) 

D 

19) 

B 

20) 

C 

21) 

C 

22) 

C 

23) 

C 

24) 

A 

25) 

D 

26) 

B 

27) 

B 

28) 

D 

29) 

D 

30) 

C 

31) 

B 

32) 

B 

33) 

B 

34) 

A 

35) 

C 

36) 

D 

37) 

C 

38) 

A 

39) 

D 

40) 

B 

41) 

A 

42) 

B 

43) 

A 

44) 

C 

45) 

A 

46) 

A 

47) 

C 

48) 

B 

49) 

D 

50) 

B 

51) 

C 

52) 

C 

53) 

B 

54) 

B 

55) 

A 

56) 

B 

57) 

B 

58) 

TRUE 

59) 

TRUE 

60) 

FALSE 

61) 

FALSE 

62) 

FALSE 

63) 

FALSE 

64) 

TRUE 

65) 

TRUE 

66) 

FALSE 

67) 

TRUE 

68) 

TRUE 

69) 

FALSE 

70) 

TRUE 

71) 

TRUE 

72) 

TRUE 

73) 

FALSE 

74) 

FALSE 

75) 

TRUE 

76) 

TRUE 

77) 

FALSE 

78) 

FALSE 

79) 

TRUE 

80) 

Answers will vary. 

81) 

Answers will vary. 

82) 

Answers will vary. 

83) 

Answers will vary. 

84) 

Answers will vary.