1.	The nucleus _________that is essential for function and survival of the cell.	
A)	is the site of protein synthesis	C)	transforms cellular energy	
B)	contains the genetic code	D)	initiates aerobic metabolism	
	Ans:  B
Difficulty:  Moderate	

2.	Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plant” of the cell because they	
A)	contain RNA for protein synthesis	
B)	utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy	
C)	extract energy from organic compounds	
D)	store calcium bonds for muscle contractions	
	Ans:  C
Difficulty:  Moderate	

3.	Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is provided by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by	
A)	bound and transmembrane proteins	
B)	complex long carbohydrate chains	
C)	surface antigens and hormone receptors	
D)	a gating system of selective ion channels	
	Ans:  A
Difficulty:  Moderate	

4.	To effectively relay signals, cell to cell communication utilizes chemical messenger systems that	
A)	displace surface receptor proteins	
B)	accumulate within cell gap junctions	
C)	bind to contractile microfilaments	
D)	release secretions into extracellular fluid	
	Ans:  D
Difficulty:  Easy	

5.	Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by	
A)	removing the phosphate bonds from ATP	
B)	combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water	
C)	activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm	
D)	breaking down glucose to form lactic acid	
	Ans:  B
Difficulty:  Moderate	

6.	Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in _______ into the extracellular fluid.	
A)	engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport	
B)	killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms	
C)	removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances	
D)	destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion	
	Ans:  C
Difficulty:  Difficult	

7.	The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is	
A)	diffusion of current-carrying ions	C)	polarization of charged particles	
B)	millivoltage of electrical potential	D)	ion channel neurotransmission	
	Ans:  A
Difficulty:  Moderate	

8.	Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?	
A)	Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix, some do not extend to surface	
B)	Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells, all cells rest on basement membrane	
C)	Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying connective tissue	
D)	Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells, deepest layer rests on basement membrane	
	Ans:  C
Difficulty:  Moderate	

9.	Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for	
A)	providing a fibrous framework for capillaries	
B)	synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers	
C)	forming tendons and the facia that covers muscles	
D)	filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place	
	Ans:  B
Difficulty:  Easy	

10.	Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also known as involuntary muscle) differs by	
A)	having dense bodies attached to actin filaments	
B)	containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands	
C)	having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations	
D)	contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium	
	Ans:  A
Difficulty:  Easy